Photographic process and auxiliary element therefor



1 March a, 1932;'

v. c. -ERNS noiosa-Arme -xnfociass um mm-.mx mmm? *rammen s sheets-sheet 2 Filed D ec. za. 192s i thinning or rernwal 'of the ink-coating 'at' surfaces will 'cause .the inks-coating to be more firmly lic-ld 'there and thus facilitate the the -i'narf'ins of fthe upper dot sur-faces.` Here it may lie emphasized, that While spherical and' chromatic aberration have `always been reckoned as contributing factors to imperfectv results, this-conception of mine, just referred i to, utilizes both spherical and chromatic-aberration'. toadvantage, because, the diffused l'igl'it, due to spherical aberration, desirably jinfluences less strongly the marginal portions of the emulsion; and, because tlie dif- 1 i ferent'foc'i-- of the rioletrys and of the red violet rays is in the sensitized surface, which- 'rays may be intercepted hy the sensitized surface so that the focus of the more powcrful ,the dut size. f I The five sheets of draw-ings will show, the

i first, illustrations of tlie nietliod of' making the mold furthe lensic screen; the second, illustrations of various processes of molding the lcnsic screen and of producing it by etcli-.

ing practice; tlie third, illustrations of clif- 4ferent forms 'of lc-nsic sci-eens and different. uses tl-iereof.; the fourth, illustrations of two alternative methods of using one of my novel i lcnsic screens and the fifth, illustrations diagrammuti-cally making clear how the ad,-l

n n l l realiz-ed in distinct ways.

Adver-ting to the drawings: l Figure l is a greatly enlarged fragmentary vantaees of use oi inv lensi'c screen .may lbe vertical section through a primary screen (glass, as shown) used in the process of inak-` ingl a mold for a pla-noeonvex lensic screen embodying my inventions; lFigure 2 vis a bottoni plan View of Figure 1.

Figures 3 and 4 are a correspondingly en-f larged vertical section and an enlarged plan View respectively, of a sensitized'm-etal element vfor cooperation rwith the primary screen.

Figure 5 :illustra-tes the primary screen in Contact ivitli the sensitized metal element preparatory to exposure of the latter to light:

passing through the former.

Figures f3 and T are a ragii-ientary vertical section and pluri-view respectively, of the .sensitized metal element after its exposure, and after it has been -coated with an opaque ivaterresisting ink.

Figures S and 9 arc'a section and aplan View respectively` following the next step of washing.'-

plastic material by tl-irect pressure.

Aconvex line screen.

Figi-lifes 10a-nd 11 are correspond-ing views following tlie next step of etching.

Figures 1Q and 13 are ci'ufres1-ionfling views after-both .the ink and emulsion have been f entirely ren'ioved.

Fig-ure 14 on Sheet 2 is a croswse-ctioiial View illustrating how-my lens-ic semen inav be formed by pressing a translucent material, such as eellulonl, into 'a iii-old, like the one sli-own in lf'i'gurell, by means of'a smooth' roller.

Figure 15 isa simi-lar View iiiorlificd to show the spherical vcon-cavities formed on a, Y

cylindrical roller.

of'forming 'the leu'sic screen of snitablesemi- Figures 11S-Hare a series of views showing the method' of .making a planoconca\ 'e lensic screen by an etching process the ste-ps heilig. substantially tlie sal-ue as sliow'n in the views on Sheet l l-mt the hase being material instr-:id y

of a metal; Figures 18, Q0. 22. Q13, 24. '2G and 28 correspon-fling to l*`igiiies l, Il. 6. R, 10 and 12 and l-`igures 19, 21, 25 and 2 corresponding to 2, 4, 9 4and 11 respectivelyFigure 19 li'eing a plan vieu* of Figure 1S, l`igure2 l a plan View of Figure E20, Figure a plan of Figure 26.

4Figure Q9 is a greatly eul'ai'gedirag-- mentary perspective view'of a plano-concave m0 lensie line screen.

Figure is a sinnlar view ot'a plano-concave circular-lens screen. Figure 31 is a perspective view of a' .plano- Fi-gure' 32 is a similar View of a. plana convex (spherical) lens screen.

Figa-m33 is :i Vertical 'section of the planoconv-cx lens-'ic screen of Figure 39. showing the indented area coatednjitli an opaque material J apparently to 'intensify the light-concentra'- `tion through the:separatelensic elements by.

elimination of parallel rays'. Figure 34 is a plan view of Figure 3h F igures 35 and 36 :ue rie-irs eorrespui-idi'ng to the twopreceding. showing cent-ral por tions of the spherical lenses 'ekmtednathan opaque material.

'Figures 37 and 2S are .a similar {nur of i'ieu's' of :i plano-concave 'lensic screen 'with the raised liii`s-suparatiug area coated'.

Figures v39 anal lll are aunt-lier su'iiilar pair vof i'iews the. reverse as to are-as coated. with' reference. to the-two preceding views.

Figure 4l 'is 'a liag-r-.jiinuiat-ic view showing tlie method of using my leiisic sereeniur con 75 tact printing a negative on va sensitized elenient subject to becoming hardened upon ein posur'e to light. A Figure 4Q illustrates reiv much enlarged fragmentary sectional rimrs showing me fea- Figure 1-6' illustrates the casting of the 99%.] lensic screen. t Figure 17 illustrates the modied -inethorl View of Figure 24,'and Figure-27411311111 view ins i sible-assembly order of fiour'elemenfts illustrated in Figure 41.

Figure 43 is' a diagrammatic vieu' showing the method of projecting, to enlarge o r'reduce, through xuylensic screen to a sensitized element.

Figure 44 is 'a greatly enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the image recording elements held in Contact with cach other, as shown in Figure 43.

Figure 45.is a diagrammatic view to rhsclose how my lensic screen functiouatcs during contact printing to more harden dot centersand to 'vary the size `of dots by a shitt-V in that focal pla-ne of Figure47 in which the" violet rays have their focus.

Figure 49 isa still further enlarged View to disclose the. result of v aryingdegreesof hardcning of a, circular emulsion area .dueeither to the successive exposure of Figure or to either of the aberrations according to Figure Figure is a plan view on thesame scale as Figure 49 'showingr two adjacent clrcular emulsion areas. leachhaving a central. circle more; hardened than its annular surrounding I term a primary screen 1 of optical glass includes equispa'eed rows of circular areas coated with opaque patches 2 to leave an intervening transparent area 3. .A metal.

Y plate 4 is .coated on one-side withanemulsion 5 to he considered as sensitive to light so as to .harden one-Xposure thereto. In I "i-gure 5' the primary' screen 1' appears superimposed .on' the plate 4' preparatory to exposure to light downwardly directed, After the area of the emulsion surface 5, corresuomi-ing. in shape and extent to the area 3, has become hardened hy the passage of light through the transparent portion -B-,the entire emulsion surface 5 s coated in a3 'dark room with an opaque water-resisting; inl: 6, which has the property oanore firmlyadheringT to that area of the emulsion 5 which has become hardened by exposure to light.

It is interpolated here, that, an ernulsion might be employed having precisely the opposite property 'from that explained as commonly possessed .by-the emulsion 5,'{50' that .such substitute'emulsion would instead become softened upon exposure to light; and tobe' used in association therewith, -one might employ a primary, screen in which the 'area 3,

instead'of the areas?, would runde opaque; J n The doubly coatedjplate 4 is. 'ncxft-.uashed'to produce-the result shown in Figures 8 and .9, wherein both the inkh and emulsion, correspending to the 'circular arcas Erbes 'become removed to expose rows of 'equispacedcircular areas 7 on the upper sur! ace of the metalv plate between which appears the 'upstanding intervening ink-coated area Next, the circular areas 7 are etched .ou-t by any approved acidmedium inevitably to form spher-eally surfaced lcone'avities or recesses 9. Thereafter, the emulsion base and inkcoating '8 are removed to leave the relatively elevated surface l0, of the plate 4, ivi-rich surrounds the recesses 9 and Vto provide a niultifniold, of

any desired size and number, to he, used 'for 'Y molding a .multi planoto-mex-spherical lensic screen embodying' my invention.

Having the mold` shown in Figures 12 and 13, any one of several methods .of molding might he adopted, firsttaccording to Figure .14 in which thel mold is supported ou a base 1l and then a sheet of translucent yielding material 12, such as ecllu-loid., ma) be pressed against the-mold through the agency of a rol-ler 13' to cause spherical lens elements 14 to conform to the cavities.-

As an alternative method of talirica-tingA my len'sie screen, not employing themethod.

nevertheless here described according tothe illustration of Figure 15 because like-Wise enpl'oying a pressing roller, a translucent sheet 15 is caused to rest ori-the support 11 and the multi'lfens configuration 16, imparted there -to by means of a evlii-idrical .roller 1.7, the` .operating surface of which is supplied with spherical eoncav'ities 18. The sheet 1.5 is prefierably flexible so asnot'to 4limit its dimension as would be theease were .it -eompose'dof frivahle material'.`

As other ways of using the lens'i-c screen mold, either that show-n1 in F -igure 16 or that shown in Figure 17 may be followed. In the "former, the base 11 supports raised-walls 19 between which the fashioned mold is fitted Ypreparatory to casting the l'ensie'screen 20 in `fluid state. In the latter, (Figure '17,), the

bolster plate 21, of a-press, srqiimrts the .fn-old and the ram 22, of sii-press, "imparts, .to a yieldlas at` Y asY los.

`ingr translucent substance 23, lens-elements 24 by the application of diifect pressure.

Instead of employing -`the molding pro cedure, preferred for cleaning purposes, my

microscopic lensic screen, of plaooncaue design. may he -er-olred by the-same series of steps of the etching process, in itself'old, ac.. f 'I coi-ding to vthe -serijespf serien views in eolumnar arra naein-eut on Sheet l; screen 25- (Fig. 1S) is provided on its lower surface *with circular coated areas .Q6 'of an A prima i "y is;

appropriate. opaque'substanee-toleave the et# velopin-g"r .area 27, which will permit the passage of light. A sheet of lensc screen ina-tex' -J v 4rial 2S, preferably. 'of .flexible translucent material, is then itself curated with :in emulsion sur-face 2901i Wh ich is to be superimposed the opaque coatedarcas 9G, as sli-mvniii Figure l Then, following exposure to light, the

Aemulsion surfiufe 2f) is supl'ilied `with 'a waterresi-sting coating 30, :following which, the non-hardened emulsion portions are washed oli', together 4with the con-ting thereoi-'eny to 7 leave a composite' elcratcd-surfacc enveloping relatively depressed circular areas 32, on the upper surf-ace of tl1e-len.ici c'reen material 28,':iiidA which circular areas 32 are then etched out with a suitable attacking {iuid to form the spherically' `surfaced -i-'eccsses 3 3, and tifiiallivhen t-liecoii'iposite coating 31 has been removed, .to expose the'rclatively raised arca' 34. the lcnsic screen, owing' t0itsiiiicroscopic dimension and tl'iereo're e;1.ieiiie thinness the lensic screen in its fashioned form, as shown in Figure :'28, should preti-rubi)r be of ilexible nutte-rial so .as not to liinit Vits size for practical purposes, in other words, I reali-ze that it the, fashioned lensc screen, shoi'vn in Figure 2S, be of glass, it inust be of .rather sniall planiil'ir compass because so thin. The

perception is also to be 'credi-ted to ine that,

'coating them, as illustrated. on Sheet 3, the

plano-cylindrically concave or lensie line .screen 3:3 (Fig. 29) has its upper surface 3G fashioned with parallelly extending' cylindricalljr surfaced cavities 37 to constitute in f use a planowoncai'e line screen. vIt 4is to be lilrewise understood, that all of the views on Sheet- 3 are enormously enlarged as implied by in)` earlier use of the word microscopic, the

le'nsic formation proper being as small' as less than one hundredth of an inch.

Figure 30 discloses a plano-concave screen 38 having' an upper suffire-239 fashioned with spherically defined cavities 40; Figure 31 discloses a plano-convex line screen lil which' is the. inve-rse .of the screen shown in l* igure :29

. to include parallel convex cylindrical surfaces @divi-ded by the channels 43.-. Figure 32 is also a fragmentary perspective View of a.- plano-couvex lensic screen 14, `which is thel exactopposite of the oneshoirn in Figure 30, to'includfe coni-'ex 'spherieally surfaced lenses proper 15,upstgi-ndiugz from :i plane surface 46. T he shading of` this figure indicates red color, as .one of several primariv colors njhich couldbeiused, i'vherel-iy in v lens-ic screen. may

`s'ini'uliarieously exercise the function of a filter. Figures 33 and 34, are section and plan views respectively, of a. lensic screen, such as It should be understood that imaginas' is shim-n iin Figure 32, having the plane siiri fac-c. 46 coated. with an -opaque material 47, which mighfor cert-ain purposes, 'be'des'irable in order to intensify the concentrated light recordation's at deii-nitelj' arranged andV equispacedpoints.- Figures :ind-lshowv two views corresponding to thetwo precedingr, with the exception that center portions of tliedistinct lens surfaces are oatedjat 48. f

Such a modified coating, of course,'does not .periiijit realization of one of the special ad"- ija-i'itages established by the use ofiny lensi'c screen, but while its light-contrasting reco-rd vation is no liet-tcrthnn screens at present in Y use, it nevertheless retuiiis'lhe advantage of thiuiiess plus. liexibility and therefore substantiully limitless area. Figures 3i and 38 are the equivalent in principle of the coating disclosed in Figures 33 and 34, whereas the structure of the leiisic screen, in Figures 37 and 38,-corresi-ioudsto the one shown-in Figure' the plane surface 3S) being supplied Figureslland 40'are the equivalent in principlctothe c0atwith :in opaque coating 4f).

ing disclosed in Figures 35 and 36,- whereas the structure of the llensic screen in Figures 89 and '40 also corresponds to that shown in f Figure 30,- thc cavities 4'0 being filled with ie diagran-iniatic new sho-Wn in Figure l1 illustrates a coiuiuon type of printing an oIpaq-ue substance 50.

fraiiieil intc'riorly,.defined by a flange 572 against which' is fitted a pane of clear glass :33, against which isp-placed 'either 'side of my preferred forni lof color d rcd lciisic screen 54,' against which 1s placed the 'smooth sideof Y.

a, photographic negative 55 .and against the innige side of wh coating of a sen:` cd element 5G. The'coutactuzil relationship of the yglass 53. lensii:

screen negative aud sensitized element. 56 is maintained by a backingr strip carryinga spring 57 adapted to have its ends turned into chan-nels 58, whereby .all of the parts 'are held pressed against the flange 52 in the cuss' ton'iary manner. An artificialsourcc of light 5S) directs its ra .to .eileet the 'irintinfr o i D l s P eration. The iissei-nbly order, indicated in Figure 4:2, may 'he fiuther vvaried by reversing the negative 55 if no prisin -was used for the saine purpose during the pl'iotographing which secured. the image thereon. A Y

Figi-ire 4,3 dia-'graiuiiinticall," illustrates the practice of my method for projection iWork,

or when it is" desired to enlarge or reduce. vTo be desired is the saine source of 'light 59,

a.: suitable camera .60 provided at its rear" `with apair of relatively reversed condensing lenses ,61, beyond which, with reference to the light 59, is the nega-tive 55. The projecfh is placed the emulsion Y ion y nis-A l'. i*

tien of the imagev of the negative, 55 is accom plished through a lens 62 for recorda'tion and transfer in the saineprin-ting;r frame 51, where the glass 53,*l'eiisie screen 54, andz sensitized y130.'-l f A surface a plane. of the violet rays coinosi-n' said light whereby to produce a relatively iarder 'central point of the ligfht intercepting arca. 2. -T he recess of modifying a sensitized didi-)ted to harden upon exposure to light, which consists 'in projecting 'light through u .lcnsic screen with the most rizfrangible rays focusing on said surface, and through a negative' `While one of said last,

mA two mentioned clemcntsisinterposcd between the other two. s

3. The hcreiiidescrihcd process of half-tone photographic reproduction which consists in arraiigiugfa sci'isitizeil element. a negative and .a vlens-ie scrcciiin lau optical trail andV causing a projcctioiiK of light- :ilong said trail through said negative and screen to said elenient. n l'iile predcteijminately. adapting the'v flili'erei-it refrzingibility of light of different -colors passing throng-li said screen and negative to said element so as 'furiously to 'modify bordering iiiicroscoliie' portions of the latter'accoijrling to the microscopically differ- 'exposure to pattern-forming light rays,

which consists in directing such light rays to said-element through a lensiescreen prede termina-tely adapted to .focus light .rays of one color on said element.

6.1 In apparatus of the character described,

the combination of a' negative and alensc screen. said tiy-o elements' hcingarrangcd in an optical trail and'nicans for directing lightl through said two elements to a photographi cally sensitized article, the arrangement being such as predetcrininatcly to eect focus ofthe light rays of one color on the surface of said article. 1'

7. In a process of the character fle-scribed,

f the step of varioiisly hardening a. light-sen s itve area,. by controlling the intensity of light permitted to'reach different concentric portions .of said area hy selectively causing rays of a certain color-of those composing the different-ly colorcdrays-of light to he brought. toa focus -onsaid sensiti'e area.

8. The process of modifying a sensitized clement adapted variouslyto harden upon exposure to image-forming light raygivlich consists indirecting such light rays to said element through a lnsic screen of a prin'iary color and arranged with .respect to, the recording surfacev of 'said element gassoso las to `f .ocns light-'rays of one :color on element.. Y.

` 9. In a Aprocess of the character described, the procedure-.of variouslyhandenuga lig-htsensitive' substance' by control-lingthe in-v tensity of light rays permitted to reach hor-` ;cleringg-inicroseopic portions vol" said :iiea by ref i'acting sonic 'of sa nl ra ys iiipjly hv delhi-ite ly loca-ting' the 4plane of said'intercept-ing sensitive arca so that sii-id plane coincides with the focal plane-of certain of said refracte'd rays.

10. In the lacroix-:described process', the step o'f simultaneously -a fleeting di Herent portions of each of a series ofscnsitizeil :irons 'of -a sensitized clement in varying degree by' refriicting to said arcas respectively light rays through a corresponding series of lenses haw ing- 'violet ray ocii at 'the centers of said areas.

11. The hereiinlescrihed process of adapting 'chromatic aberration of the lenses of a l-ensic screen by iiiterceptiny; concen-trically convergingr violet and red rays respectively with a -suhstance subject to becoming vii-ri-` ously'l'iardcned upon 'exposure to' said elistinct rays and ii'hicli sul-)stance has :in-'outer surface coinciding with correspondingly ar ranged' poitions of the comin-oir 4focal plane .of the violet rays.

12- The coiiihination' for usey in pliotographic printing, of 'a 'negative and a lenslc o screen of predeterminedthic'kncss, together with means -foi ldirecting",r light. through said l'cnsic screen and negative to a sens-itiiceil element adapted` to harden when exposer-l. to

light, the thickness of said screen bci-ng so chosen as ,to effect ocii of the violet rays in sai-fl element.'

13. The processv of half-.tone reproduction, which consists in causing different portions of a sensitized 'surface to-hc variously modi-- lied :isto hardness by retra'eti-ng: light there tothrougli i-ni-croscopie objectives :of a lensio screen aftcr`ascert-ai-iimcnt of' the character of the aberration of the particular objectives' beine used and estahlishm'cnto the consef lquential focaloplan'e for retracted rays-of one color to produc-'e the variouslv moi-lined completedot areas desi-red.

14. The hereinfescrhcd process of lialfioc "f no l tone reproduction which consists in arrangin qa sensitized element. and a. leiisic screen in an -onticalft-rail' and ad'anting the .di'ercnt refrang'i-hility of light of diffe-rent colo-rs causing retracted focus on saidielei'nent .of

the rays of only one color so :as variously to modify as to hardness 'circular and enclos Y ing,A annular microscopic' por-tions of the emulsion of the latter.

Y Signed by nie, this 26th day oiDecenihen 1926.

12u i passing from said screen to said clement b v;y

crores o. nas-isn gli. 

